Grammar: Past Perfect Simple

1.Form

	Form	Exemple
Affirmative	had +[Verb] + d/ed or third form of the verb for irregular verbs	I’d finished before he came.
Interogative	Had+ Suject + [Verb]+ d/ed or third form of the verb for irregular verbs .. ?	Had you finished before he came?
Negative	Had+ not+ [Verb] +d/ed or third form of the verb for irregular verbs	I had not finished before he came.

2. Use:

➤ to talk about a action that occurred before another action. (pentru a exprima o actiune ce s-a intamplat inainte de alta actiune).

I had finished all my work for that day, so I decided to watch a movie.

Terminasem toata treaba pentru ziua respectiva, deci am decis sa ma uit la un film.

(Intai a inceput si s-a terminat actiunea de a „a termina munca” si abia apoi am decis sa vad un film).

➤with time expressions like: when ,before, after, by the time, as soon as. ( cu indici temporari : cand, inainte, dupa, cand( in momentul in care), de indata ce, indici temporali ce au rolul de a stabilii ordinea cronologica a actiunilor).

By the time Alex got home, I had finished my homeworks.

In momentul in care Alex a ajuns acasa, eu imi terminasem temele.

➤with the adverbs just, already, ever and never. (cu aderbele: tocmai, deja, vreodata, niciodata).

I had never been to Paris before.

Nu fusesem niciodata la Paris inainte.

➤with non-continuous verbs. ( cu verbe care nu au forma continua. Vezi lista aici.)

I had been to London when I worked as a nanny there.

( Fusesem la Londra cand am lucrat ca si bona acolo.)

3.Time expression:

➤ when, before, after, by the time, as soon as

➤ just, already, ever, never, yet

➤for/ since

I had never eaten sarmale since I had been in Romania.

Nu mancase sarmale niciodata inainte sa fi fost in Romania.

Grammar: Present Perfect simple

1.Form:

	Form	Exemple
Affirmative	has/have+[Verb] + d/ed or third form of the verb for irregular verbs	I have seen this movie many times.
Interogative	Has/Have + Suject + +[Verb] + d/ed or third form of the verb for irregular verbs+.. ?	Have you seen this movie many times?
Negative	Has/Have + not+ [Verb]+d/ed or third form of the verb for irregular verbs	I haven’t seen this movie many times.

❣ Forma pozitiva se alactuieste cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar „to have” si verbul la modul infinitiv la care adaugam sufixul „-ed/d” sau participiul verbelor iregulare (forma a treia).

2.Spelling rules:

Vezi Spelling rules de la Present simple.

3.Use:

➤To talk about an action that took place at same point in the past before now. (pentru a exprima o actiune care a avut loc intr-un moment nedefinit in trecut).

❣ The time is not important.

I’ve collected plenty of informations. (at same point in the past and now I am writing my essay. )

Am strans o gramada de informatii.(la un anumit timp in trecut si acum scriu eseul.)

➤To talk about a time period that is not finished.( pentru a exprima o perioada de timp care a inceput in trecut si se deruleaza si prezent).

I’ve written a bussiness mail this morning.(is still morning).

Am scris un mail de afaceri dimineata aceasta. (inca este dimineata).

➤ To talk about reapeted actions over a period of time until the present (they may continue). (Pentru a exprima actiuni care se repeta de-alungul unei perioade de timp pana in prezent (ele pot continua si in viitor)

You’ ve played the saxophone every night.

( Ai cantat la saxofon in fiecare seara).

➤With questions asking „how long” : (cu intrebari ce se formeaza cu : „(De) Cat timp?„)

How long have you lived here? ( I know you still live here)

De cat timp locuiesti aici?( Stiu ca inca locuiesti aici.)

➤To express:

-Experience (Experienta):

I have been to France.

(the sentence means that you have had the experience of being to France. Maybe you have been there in the past, once or twice and probably you‘ll repeat the experience in the future)

Am fost in Franta.

( Propozitia exprima ideea ca tu ai avut experienta de a merge in Franta. Poate ai fost in trecut, o data sau de doua ori, si probabil vei repeta experienta in viitor.)

–Accomplishments (Realizari):

Man has walked on the Moon.

(Omul a pasit pe luna).

4.Time expression:

➤since / for

I have lived in Romania since June. ( Locuiesc in Romania din Iunie).

I have lived in Romania for five months. (Locuiesc in Romania de cinci luni.)

➤still/ yet/just

I still haven’t finished it. ( Inca nu am terminat.)

I haven’t finished it yet. (Nu am terminat inca.)

I have just finished it.( Tocmai am terminat.)

➤already, before, never, ever, always:

I‘ve never been to France. ( Nu am fost in Franta niciodata).

➤recently, lately:

It has been very cold lately. ( Este foarte frig in ultimul timp.)